1. Disabling indexing service

Indexing service is a small program but using about 7% your CPU memory. Sometimes this think can make a litle noise when accessing your hard drive. Another function of indexing services is updating your computer file list to improve your computer speed with system from file indexing. When you’re not use file searching frequently, you can disable it with thi way:

Go to start –> Click Setting –> Control Panel –> Add/Remove Program –> Click Add/Remove Window Component –> Uncheck the indexing service –> click next –> finish

2. Optimize Display Setting

Your Windows XP with a cool desktop display is very interesting, but to much picture and icon will eat your system resource. To disable it follow this step :

Go to Start
Click Settings
Click Control Panel
Click System
Click Advanced tab
In the Performance tab click Settings

Leave only the following ticked:
Show shadows under menus
Show shadows under mouse pointer
Show translucent selection rectangle
Use drop shadows for icons labels on the desktop
Use visual styles on windows and buttons

3. Speedup Folder Browsing

Every opening your windwos explorer, there will be a second or more delay because Xp will start looking for a share folder and printer on the network. To fixing and disabling this feature you can follow this step:

Open My Computer
Click on Tools menu
Click on Folder Options
Click on the View tab.
Uncheck the Automatically search for network folders and printers check box
Click Apply
Click Ok
Reboot your computer

4. Repair your system memory

cacheman software or cache manager can help to manage your computer memory like disk cache management and a little setup for your comp. A simple way is using cacheman wizard:

Go to Show Wizard and select All
Run all the wizards by selecting Next or Finished until you are back to the main menu. Use the defaults unless you know exactly what you are doing
Exit and Save Cacheman
Restart Windows

5. Optimize your internet connection

Use this software. Install and choose internet connection speed like modem or broadband in Kbps. Click on network adapter, choose your connection interface, and then click on automatic optimize. Close your program and restart. The easyest way is :

Download and install
Click the General Settings tab and select your Connection Speed (Kbps)
Click Network Adapter and choose the interface you use to connect to the Internet
Check Optimal Settings then Apply
Reboot

6. Improve your boot time

Use google to find software name bootvis. this software can help you to trace your boot configuration.

Download and Run
Select Trace
Select Next Boot and Driver Trace
A Trace Repetitions screen will appear, select Ok and Reboot
Upon reboot, BootVis will automatically start, analyze and log your system’s boot process. When it’s done, in the menu go to Trace and select Optimize System
Reboot.
When your machine has rebooted wait until you see the Optimizing System box appear. Be patient and wait for the process to complete

7. Remove the desktop picture

Cool picture on your desktop can make your computer run slowly. why? cause a cool picture sometimes has a big size to. so, when you open some program like windows explorer or browser your desktop will reload the background picture to. the best setting is give nothing on your desktop!!

8. Remove font to increase speed

If you’re a designer you may not use this way. Some program will load your computer font when its running for the first time, like office aplication anf many more. the best way is use a default font from windows XP. don’t add more fonts on your computer except you need it so much.

9. Go to sleep!!! it’s 2:57 am!!!!

requirements

1. latest kernel linux-2.6.18 here

2. tproxy patch for kernel 2.6.18 from here

3. iptables version 1.3.8 from netfilter

4. a pack of cigaretes and a cup of capucinno

5. squid 2.6.STABLE18 from squid-cache.org

Recompile your kernel…..

cd /usr/src

tar -jxvf <your-path-dir>/linux-2.6.18.6.tar.bz2

patch your kernel with tproxy support

tar -zxvf /<path-your-dir>/cttproxy-2.6.18-2.0.6.tar.gz

cd linux-2.6.18.4/

cat /usr/src/cttproxy-2.6.18-2.0.6/patch_tree/01-nat_reservations.patch | patch -p1

cat /usr/src/cttproxy-2.6.18-2.0.6/patch_tree/02-tproxy.patch | patch -p1

cat /usr/src/cttproxy-2.6.18-2.0.6/patch_tree/03-nat_delete.patch | patch -p1

make clean && make mrproper

make menuconfig or make config

under networking –> netowrking options –> netfilter configuration

CONFIG_IP_NF_TPROXY=m
CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_TPROXY=m
CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_TPROXY=m

contact me for complete .config

make && make install && make modules_install

cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/System.map-2.6.18

re-write your lilo.conf to load new kernel image at boot time

reload your lilo

reboot your server

—————————————————————————————

patching your iptables….

cd /usr/src

tar -jxvf /<your-path-dir>/iptables-1.3.8.tar.bz2

cd iptables-1.3.8/

cat /usr/src/cttproxy-2.6.18-2.0.6/iptables/iptables-1.3-cttproxy.diff | patch -p1

make KERNEL_DIR=/usr/src/linux-2.6.18/

make install KERNEL_DIR=/usr/src/linux-2.6.18/

make install-devel (optional)

modprobe ipt_tproxy

modprobe iptable_tproxy

if you don’t get any error, you got it!!!

————————————————————————————–

installing squid………….

cd /usr/src/

tar -jxvf /<your-path-dir>/squid-2.6.STABLE18.tar.bz2

cd squid-2.6.STABLE18

./configure ‘–prefix=/usr/local/squid’ ‘–sysconfdir=/etc/squid’ ‘–bindir=/usr/bin’ ‘–sbindir=/usr/sbin’ ‘–enable-FEATURE=yes’ ‘–enable-storeio=ufs,diskd,null’ ‘–enable-icmp’ ‘–enable-delay-pools’ ‘–enable-icap-client’ ‘–enable-kill-parent-hack’ ‘–enable-cachemgr-hostname=indomeya.net.id’ ‘–enable-arp-acl’ ‘–enable-ssl’ ‘–enable-cache-digests’ ‘–enable-x-accelerator-vary’ ‘–enable-stacktraces’ ‘–enable-cpu-profiling’ ‘–with-PACKAGE=yes’ ‘–enable-dependency-tracking’ ‘–enable-gnuregex’ ‘–enable-xmalloc-statistics’ ‘–enable-removal-policies=lru’ ‘–enable-useragent-log’ ‘–enable-referer-log’ ‘–enable-forw-via-db’ ‘–enable-default-hostsfile=/etc/hosts’ ‘–enable-ntlm-fail-open’ ‘–with-pic’ ‘–with-pthreads’ ‘-with-aio’ ‘–with-dl’ ‘–with-large-files’ ‘–enable-http-violations’ ‘–enable-underscores’ ‘–enable-linux-tproxy’ ‘–enable-linux-netfilter’ ‘–enable-htcp’ ‘–enable-leakfinder’ ‘–enable-follow-x-forwarded-for’

at this configure option will put squid.conf at /etc/squid/…

——————————————————————————————

write your squid.conf with your own imagination or contact me if you want to use my squid.conf. All of squid.conf reference is available here.

——————————————————————————————

Make sure you’ve change all permission on proxy cache directory when needed and run your squid as a daemon.

put this iptables command to your iptables init script

iptables -t tproxy -A PREROUTING -s xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/24 -p tcp -m tcp –dport 80 -j TPROXY –on-port 3128 –on-ip 0.0.0.0

correct me if i’m wrong………

[default]
mode=files
directory=/var/lib/asterisk/mohmp3

;
;[native-random]
;mode=files
;directory=/var/lib/asterisk/mohmp3
;random=yes     ; Play the files in a random order

; =========
; Other (non-native) playback methods
; =========

[manual]
mode=custom
; Note that with mode=custom, a directory is not required, such as when reading
; from a stream.
directory=/var/lib/asterisk/mohmp3
application=/usr/bin/mpg123 -q -r 8000 -f 8192 -b 2048 –mono -s
random=yes

;[ulawstream]
;mode=custom
;application=/usr/bin/streamplayer 192.168.100.52 888
;format=ulaw

; mpg123 on Solaris does not always exit properly; madplay may be a better
; choice
;[solaris]
;mode=custom
;directory=/var/lib/asterisk/mohmp3
;application=/site/sw/bin/madplay -Q -o raw:- –mono -R 8000 -a -12

[default]
exten => _2XXXX,1,Ringing
exten => _2XXXX,2,Wait,2
exten => _2XXXX,3,Dial(SIP/${EXTEN}|30)
exten => _2XXXX,4,Hangup

;exten => _2XXXX,1,Dial(SIP/${EXTEN})
;exten => _2XXXX,2,Hangup

exten => 123,1,Answer()
;exten => 123,2,MP3Player(/var/lib/asterisk/mohmp3/Ketahuan.mp3)
exten => 123,2,MusicOnhold()

;exten => _99X.,1,Ringing
;exten => _99X.,2,Wait,2
;exten => _99X.,1,Dial(SIP/spa400/${EXTEN}|30)
;exten => _99,1,Dial(SIP/spa400/$(EXTEN))
;exten => _99,2,Wait.4
;exten => _99X.,2,Hangup

;exten => _99*XX,1,Dial(SIP/spa400/${EXTEN}|30)
;exten => _99*XX,2,Hangup

exten => _9,1,Ringing
exten => _9,2,Dial(SIP/spa400/$(EXTEN))
exten => _9,3,Hangup

;ignorepat => 9
;exten => _9X.,1,Dial(SIP/spa400/$(EXTEN))
;exten => _9X.,2,Congestion
;include => default

exten => _9NXX,1,Dial(SIP/spa400/$(EXTEN))
exten => _9NXX,2,Congestion

exten => 6000,1,Answer
exten => 6000,2,MusicOnhold()

;[from-trunk]
;include => from-pstn
;…

;[from-pstn]
;include=> from-pstn-custom
;…

;[from-pstn-custom]
;exten=>spa400,1,Goto(ext-local,88,1)

If you’ve met some of the people that repair computers for a living, you might be shocked at their diversity of knowledge, experience, and behavior. Some are hands-down great technicians, but many seem like unprepared and ignorant kids who you wouldn’t trust your toaster to, let alone something as critical to your life or business as your PC.

An outstanding technician is one who with professionalism and courtesy solves all the problems a user has without introducing new stresses or worries. These tips are written to aid technicians in following a path that is bound to put them above the pack and become indispensable to their clients and business. Every one of these tips can be taken as a matter of habit and will certainly boost your confidence as a technician and the money you bring into your business.

1) Never panic.

Don’t respond emotionally if you do not understand a problem. Never scratch your head and act worried. If you don’t know what something is, it’s okay — you can figure it out. Part of being a technician is being excited about discovering and solving new problems. If you fear or stress over repairs, you’re simply in the wrong line of work.

2) Be professional.

First and foremost, show up on time. If you’re going to be 5 minutes late to your appointment, call the client and let them know. I once received a $20 tip because I called to let a client know I was running 3 to 5 minutes late. Before I arrived I debated whether or not to call, but the client stated specifically this was why he tipped me. Being professional means dressing nicely, taking a shower, spitting out your gum, and not using foul language. Think of it like you’re going to a job interview because every service call is essentially just that. If you want the client’s business now and in the future, you should be as professional as possible at all times.

3) Remember their name and give them yours.

Introduce yourself with a strong handshake and say, “Hi, I’m Dan, nice to meet you.” (with your name of course and preferred greeting). Most clients will respond with, “I’m [insert name here], nice to meet you, too.” Being social does not come naturally to most computer geeks, myself included, but it’s something you should constantly work to improve. Consider it a privilege that you’re meeting so many new people monthly and that this is just one of the cool aspects of your job. Remembering the names of every person you meet may seem difficult, so make it a habit and work on it daily. Write them down if you have to – they are that important!

When a client gives you, some stranger, the name of their kids, friends, or anyone else, they think you’re important enough to meet these people and know their names. Also these people are important enough to your client to introduce them to you – and many may become clients later simply because you’ve been introduced. Remembering every name is a surefire way to top-of-the-line service that nobody in town can rival.

4) Don’t be afraid to call in for backup.

If you can’t diagnose a problem, search the Internet. If that doesn’t work, phone a friend. Ultimately, people really only want to see their problem fixed by whatever means necessary. While they may be impressed by your recall ability of every computer problem ever encountered, they will be infinitely more impressed when you fix the issue correctly.

5) Have your tools ready before you arrive.

A good technician can squeeze by with only a few tools. I carried a notebook bag with a decent notebook, a flash drive in my pocket with some basic tools, a couple diagnostic CDs for running hard drive and memory tests, some paper, pens, blank CDs, and so-on. If you’ve been a technician for even a few days, you should know basically what you need and don’t need. Bring memory everywhere you go. You’ll be shocked how many people don’t have enough RAM which makes for a quick add-on sale and high customer satisfaction. Bring all the tools you require into the house. You should really only need to go back to your car for specific hardware replacements or upgrades.

6) Ask plenty of questions.

Don’t be the diagnostic wizard and try to figure out everything yourself. A few quick replies from your client can solve a lot of headaches. Here are a few generic questions to ask: When did the problem start? Was anything changed since the problem began? What are the symptoms or error messages you’re seeing? How do you get around the problem? Have you had any other problems in the past you would like to fix? Would you like to know how anything else on your computer can be upgraded or improved? Do you want your computer to do anything it currently cannot do?

7) Write down all problems and check them off as you fix them.

When paired with your geek mind, paper and a pen are about the most useful tools in your arsenal. Write down all the answers to the questions you’ve asked (see #6) and begin connecting the dots. Write possible explanations for each problem. As you begin the repair, write detailed steps you plan to take to complete the repair (backup pictures, install hard drive, install operating system, reinstall drivers, install Quickbooks, etc.). Cross out the steps as you complete them. Verify that everything works with the client before you leave and show him what you did (See #10). This is much easier with written notes.

Formatting is never an option.

Well, almost never. Formatting to fix even a moderate software problem is a very irresponsible move. People might say they have no critical data (or only photos, for example), but they probably installed plenty of codecs, web plugins, and other things that they use daily and take for granted. They may have customized the fonts, the desktop settings, the shortcuts, theme, and more. Formatting when facing crisis is the sign of a rookie technician. Try your best to fix the problem correctly, researching if necessary, and only format if you’re certain there’s no other way or the repair would take several more hours without formatting (which is usually not the case). If you must format, make a huge list of everything the client uses daily to be sure that no issues are presented later when it’s too late to recover.

9) Answer any questions they have and let them watch you work if they want to.

Sometimes clients would ask me tons of questions while I work. I’m an excellent multi-tasker as most computer enthusiasts are, so I don’t mind. It’s fun for a non-techy person to watch a real technician dig into their PC and troubleshoot it. If you’re doing a good job you should be proud to show them. Avoiding a client’s questions is a sure way to lose repeat business and satisfaction.

10) Leave detailed job notes and a receipt.

Using your notes, reconstruct what you did for every step of the repair. Outline specifically what was replaced and why, to avoid issues later. Write a section in your notes for recommended actions a user could take to avoid the problem later. If you recommended additional hardware or services, mention why, the benefits, where to buy it, approximate cost, and so-on.

Add your e-mail address or phone number so the client can contact you personally. This way the client feels he is not stranded if the problem comes back. A 1-800-support or warranty number is not nearly as useful as a genuine personal contact. Save or print two copies: one for you and one for your client. Keep a copy so you can reference this visit later and remember exactly what you did and did not do. You will inevitably have to come back out to some clients’ houses – these notes will act as blueprints for the first repair so you can know what you’re in for ahead of time.

11) Know the major issues and don’t skip them.

While you can do most research on the web for specific issues, never rule out the most common issues for computer problems without doing a full diagnostic of all hardware and software. Spyware, bad memory, bad hard drives, corrupted drivers, and power surges will probably account for the majority of your service calls. Always test memory and hard drives. It does not take very long with a DFT (Drive Fitness Test) quick test and a MemTest scan using Ultimate Boot CD. Also, with home networking, you’ll replace a lot of routers, so always keep plenty in your vehicle.

Satellite AKA satelit last known as “gorengan” made from wheat, mixing with some vegetables like carrot, etc…. let’s find out more….

What is VSAT?

VSAT stands for Very Small Aperture Terminal.

The word “Terminal” in this case refers to the satellite dish on the customer premisis.

There is no commonly accepted agreement on exactly how small a satellite dish must be to qualify as a “Very Small” terminal. The term VSAT is applied to dishes up to 2.4 meters in diameter.

Most VSAT implementations are fixed satellite service. Some industry sources reserve the term VSAT for only FSS implementations, while others also use the term VSAT for mobile satellite services.

Yet another point of contention is the type of data carried on VSAT systems. Some industry analysts use the term VSAT to include broadcast television systems, while other analysts exclude broadcast television from the VSAT definition.

What is Fixed Satellite Service?

Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) refers to a satellite service which uses fixed terrestrial terminals.

In other words, FSS is any satellite service where the ground station does not change locations frequently.

Consumer satellite television is the most popular application of Fixed Satellite Service.

The opposite of FSS is Mobile Satellite Service (MSS).

What is Mobile Satellite Service?

Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) is a satellite system which uses portable terrestrial terminals. MSS terminals may be mounted on a ship, an airplane, or an automobile. MSS terminals may even be carried by an individual.

The most promising application of Mobile Satellite Service is portable satellite telephones which will enable phone service anywhere on the globe.

The opposite of Mobile Satellite Service is Fixed Satellite Service (FSS).

What is DVB?

DVB (Digital Video Broadcast) is a set of standards for the digital transmission of video and audio streams, and also data transmission.

The DVB standards are maintained by the DVB Project, which is an industry-led consortium of over 260 broadcasters, manufacturers, network operators, software developers, regulatory bodies and others in over 35 countries.

DVB standards are available on the web at the ETSI Publications Download Area.

DVB has been implemented over satellite (DVB-S, DVB-S2), cable (DVB-C), terrestrial broadcasting (DVB-T), and handheld terminals (DVB-H).

DVB utilizes MPEG-2 compression.

DVB primarily uses Musicam audio encoding, but also has optional support for AC3

What is MPEG-2?

MPEG-2 (Motion Picture Experts Group – 2) is a compression standard for digital television.

MPEG-2 compression enables digital television broadcasters to transmit video streams with higher resolution and audio streams with higher quality sound while using as little bandwidth as possible.

MPEG-2 is capable of reducing the amount of bandwidth utilized by as much as 55 to 1.

MPEG-2 is utilized by DVB, HDTV, and DVD.

MPEG-2 has been adopted as ISO Standard 13818-1.

What is DVB-S?

DVB-S is the implementation of DVB (Digital Video Broadcast) over satellite.

DVB-S2, an improved revision of DBV-S, has been ratified by the ETSI as ETSI EN 302 307.

DVB-S2 uses a combination of the BCH (Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem) and LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) algorithms for Forward Error Correction (FEC).

DVB-S2 supports QPSK, 8PSK, 16APSK, and 32APSK for modulation.

What is QPSK?

QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) is a phase modulation algorithm.

Phase modulation is a version of frequency modulation where the phase of the carrier wave is modulated to encode bits of digital information in each phase change.

The “PSK” in QPSK refers to the use of Phased Shift Keying. Phased Shift Keying is a form of phase modulation which is accomplished by the use of a discrete number of states. QPSK refers to PSK with 4 states. With half that number of states, you will have BPSK (Binary Phased Shift Keying). With twice the number of states as QPSK, you will have 8PSK.

The “Quad” in QPSK refers to four phases in which a carrier is sent in QPSK: 45, 135, 225,

What is Forward Error Correction (FEC)?

Forward Error Correction (FEC) is a type of error correction which improves on simple error detection schemes by enabling the receiver to correct errors once they are detected. This reduces the need for retransmissions.

FEC works by adding check bits to the outgoing data stream. Adding more check bits reduces the amount of available bandwidth, but also enables the receiver to correct for more errors.

Forward Error Correction is particularly well suited for satellite transmissions, where bandwidth is reasonable but latency is significant.

Forward Error Correction vs. Backward Error Correction

Forward Error Correction protocols impose a greater bandwidth overhead than backward error correction protocols, but are able to recover from errors more quickly and with significantly fewer retransmissions.

What is DVB-T?

DVB-T is the implementation of DVB (Digital Video Broadcast) over terrestrial wireless.

DVB-T is used for broadcast television in Europe. In the United States, ATSC was selected over DVB-T.

DVB-T uses the Reed-Solomon algorithm for Forward Error Correction (FEC) and COFDM (Coded Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing) for modulation.

DVB-T has been ratified by the ETSI as ETSI EN 302 304.

What is Reed-Solomon?

Reed-Solomon is an algorithm for Forward Error Correction (FEC).

Reed-Solomon was introduced by Irving S. Reed and Gustave Solomon of MIT Labs in Polynomial Codes Over Certain Finite Fields, which was published in the Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics in 1960.

Reed-Solomon does not specify a block size or a specific number of check symbols. These variables can be set to the best variables for each transmission medium.

DVB uses Reed Solomon coding configured to use blocks of 188 information symbols and 16 check symbols, which results in a total block size of 204 symbols.

Reed-Solomon is often abbreviated as RS.

What is DVB-H?

DVB-H is the implementation of DVB (Digital Video Broadcast) over handheld terminals.

DVB-H is designed to enable digital television to be delivered to handheld televisions.

DVB-H uses the Reed-Solomon algorithm for Forward Error Correction (FEC).

DVB-H supports QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM for modulation.

DVB-H is based upon, and is an extension of, DVB-T.

The most important change from DVB-T to DVB-H was to use time-slicing to conserve battery power on handheld terminals.

DVB-H has been ratified by the ETSI as ETSI EN 302 304.

What is DVB-RCS?

DVB-RCS stands for Digital Video Broadcast – Return Channel Satellite.

DVB-RCS is part of the DVB standards for satellite communication, DVB-S and DVB-S2.

The purpose of DVB-RCS is to provide a return channel to enable Internet and other data services over satellite.

ViaSat’s LinkStar system is one of the VSAT satellite broadband implementations which support DVB-RCS.

The DVB standards are maintained by the DVB Project, which is an industry-led consortium of over 260 broadcasters, manufacturers, network operators, software developers, regulatory bodies and others in over 35 countries.

DVB-RCS is officially defined in ETSI EN 301 790: Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Interaction channel for satellite distribution systems.

The DVB-RCS standard is explained in ETSI EN 101 790: Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);Interaction channel for Satellite Distribution Systems; Guidelines for the use of EN 301 790.

DVB standards are available on the web at the ETSI Publications Download Area.

The Future of DVB-RCS

DVB-RCS is competing against IPoS (IP over Satellite) and S-DOCSIS (Satellite – Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification).

As the cost of consumer terminals is the #1 criteria in the success of an Internet over satellite technology, S-DOCSIS seems certain to become the dominant standard. S-DOCSIS systems are able to utilize inexpensive off-the-shelf components designed for the widely deployed DOCSIS networks.

What is SCPC?

SCPC stands for Single Channel Per Carrier.

SCPC is a form of satellite transmission where each channel is transmitted on a dedicated single carrier.

The alternative to SCPC is MCPC (Multiple Channel Per Carrier).

MCPC is more efficient than SCPC, but SCPC is still utilized for some satellite feeds. By using SCPC, satellite users are able to uplink to the same transponder from multiple locations.

What is MCPC?

MCPC stands for Multiple Channel Per Carrier.

MCPC is a form of satellite transmission where each carrier is utilized to transmit multiple channels.

MCPC transmits multiple video or audio channels on one carrier by utilizing Time Division Multiplexing (TDM).

The alternative to MCPC is SCPC (Single Channel Per Carrier).

MCPC is used much more than SCPC because it makes much more efficient use of expensive satellite bandwidth.

What is uplink?

Uplink is the signal path from an earth station to a satellite.

The opposite of uplink is downlink. Downlink is the signal path from the satellite toward the earth.

Uplink Frequencies

What is downlink?

Downlink is the signal path from a satellite towards the earth.

The opposite of downlink is uplink. Uplink is the signal path from an earth station towards the satellite.

What is C Band?

C Band is the original frequency allocation for communications satellites.

C-Band uses 3.7-4.2GHz for downlink and 5.925-6.425Ghz for uplink.

The lower frequencies used by C Band perform better under adverse weather conditions than the Ku band or Ka band frequencies.

C Band Variants

Slight variations of C Band frequencies are approved for use in various parts of the world.

C Band Dishes

C Band requires the use of a large dish, usually 6′ across. C Band dishes vary between 3′ and 9′ across, depending upon signal strength.

Because C Band dishes are so much larger than Ku and Ka Band dishes, a C Band dish is sometimes referred to in friendly jest as a BUD (Big Ugly Dish).

What is Ku band?

The Ku band (Kurtz-under band) is primarily used for satellite communications, particularly for editing and broadcasting satellite television. This band is split into multiple segments broken down into geographical regions, as determined by the ITU (International Telecommunication Union).

The Ku band is a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the microwave range of frequencies ranging from 11.7 to 12.7GHz. (downlink frequencies) and 14 to 14.5GHz (uplink frequencies).

The most common Ku band digital reception format is DVB (main profile video format) .vs the studio profile digital video format or the full-blown Digicipher II 4DTV format.

The first commercial television network to extensively utilize the Ku Band for most of its affiliate feeds was NBC, back in 1983.

The ITU Region 2 segments covering the majority of the Americas are between 11.7 and 12.2 GHz, with over 21 FSS North American Ku-band satellites currently orbiting.

Each requires a 0.8-m to 1.5-m antenna and carries twelve to twenty four transponders, of which consume 20 to 120 watts (per transponder), for clear reception.

The 12.2 to 12.7 GHz segment of the Ku Band spectrum is allocated to the broadcasting satellite service (BSS). These direct broadcast satellites typically carry 16 to 32 transponders.

Each provides 27 MHz in bandwidth, and consumes 100 to 240 watts each, accommodating receiver antennas down to 450 mm (18 inches ).

The ITU Region 1 segments of the Ku spectrum represent Africa and Europe (11.45 to 11.7 GHz band range and 12.5 to 12.75 GHz band range) is reserved for the fixed satellite service (FSS), with the uplink frequency range between 14.0 and 14.5 GHz).

Ku Band Difficulties

When frequencies higher than 10 GHz are transmitted and received used in a heavy rain fall area, a noticeable degradation occurs, due to the problems caused by and proportional to the amount of rain fall (commonly known as known as “rain fade”).

This problem can be combatted, however, by deploying an appropriate link budget strategy when designing the satellite network, and allocating a higher power consumption to overcome rain fade loss. In terms of end-viewer TV reception,

it takes heavy rainfalls in excess of 100 mm per hour to have a noticeable effect.

The higher frequency spectrum of the Ku band is particularly susceptible to signal degradation- considerably more so than C band satellite frequency spectrum, though the Ku band is less vulnerable to rain fade than the Ka band frequency spectrum.

A similar phenomena, called “snow fade” (when snow accumulation significantly alters the focal point of your dish) can also occur during Winter Season.

Also, the Ku band satellites typically require considerably more power to transmit than the C band satellites. However, both Ku and Ka band satellite dishes to be smaller (varying in size from 2′ to 5′ in diameter.)

Ku Band Satellite Service Downlink Usage Frequency Range

The Ku band downlink uses frequencies between 11.7 and 12.7GHz.

The Ku band downlink frequencies are further subdivided according to their assigned use:

Services that can be found on the Ku-band include educational networks, business networks, sports backhauls, tele- conferences, mobile news truck feeds, international programming, and various SCPC (Single Channel Per Carrier) transmissions of analog audio, as well as FM audio services.

If you already have a operational C-band system in place, you can retrofit it to accept Ku band frequencies.

In order to do so, you will need to obtain a Ku-band LNB as well as a C/Ku band feed-horn, plus some coax cable for your Ku-band LNB.

As for the coax cable recommended- RG-6 is optimal for low loss in the 950-1450 frequency range- what Ku-band LNB processes. However, if RG-59 is your only viable option, it’ll work in a pinch.

Ku Band Dish Antenna Compatibility

Iif you have a solid dish, you should have no problem converting from C band, to Ku band.

However, with a mesh dish- if the “holes” in the mesh are greater than a quarter inch, the chances of computability are not in your favor, due to the fact that your dish won’t reflect Ku-band signals properly.

Therefore, you’ll want to strongly consider upgrading to either a solid dish, or a mesh dish in which the hole size under 1/4″, and ideally you’ll want a dish that is 1 piece (or at least very few pieces); as 4 section dish is more optimal than an 8 section dish.

The fewer the sections, the more accurate your parabola shape is and thereby the more difficult it is for your dish to become warped (the smaller the number of seams- the better). And insofar as dish mounts go, the H2H (Horizon-to-Horizon) dish mount is more desirable than a polar mount.

This is due to the fact that the Ku-band demands that the dish antenna system is well-targeted and able to closely follow the orbital arc, of which the H2H mount does quite admirably, as compared to a polar mount. Also, bear in mind that you will be adjusting both the azimuth and elevation, which can be a bit tricky occasionally.

Importance of Satellite Antenna Dish Parabola

The parabolic shape of your dish is of critical importance, as warpage causes signal degradation via mis-reflection, seriously down-grading your overall system performance. Some tape and string is all that is required to do a quick warpage check and some tape.

Anchor a piece of string, stretched as tight as possible, “north” to “south” across your dish face, edge to edge. You’ll want to do the same thing again, with another piece of string, only “east” to “west” across the dish face- at 90 degree angles. Be sure that both strings are tight-

If the strings come together anywhere but the direct center, then your dish has sustained warp damage and needs to be bent back into proper parabola shape, for optimal performance. If they connect in the center of your dish, likely that your dish is not warped.

So therefore, you’ll want to use either the tri-supports or quad supports , as they will greatly assist in keeping your Ku-band feed-horn highly stable, even in high winds.

When your button-hook feed moving in the wind, your Ku-band reception can can easily drop out. By putting guy-wires on the button-hook feed, you’ll create the much-needed support, in the event you are not able to obtain a tri support or quad support.

What is Ka band?

The Ka band uplink uses frequencies between 27.5GHz and 31Ghz and the downlink uses frequencies between 18.3 and 18.8Ghz and between 19.7 and 20.2Ghz.

Ka band dishes can be much smaller than C band dishes. Ka band dishes vary from 2′ to 5′ in diameter.

Ka band satellites typically transmit with much more power than C band satellites.

The higher frequencies of Ka band are significantly more vulnerable to signal quality problems caused by rainfall, known as rainfade

What is a transponder?

Transponder is a concatenation of transmitter and responder.

A transponder is a transmitter and receiver. A satellite transponder receives signals from the earth and transmits signals back to the earth.

A transponder usually receives on one frequency and transmits on another.

Default Windows XP Membatasi 20% Bandwidth (QoS). Berapapun cepatnya koneksi internet maupun network pada komputer dengan Windows XP akan dibatasi dengan 20% untuk default koneksi network dari windows XP. Tujuannya adalah menyisakan bandwidth untuk paket-paket penting. Apakah paket penting itu?

Paket penting itu kan harusnya yang menentukan kita sebagai pemakai komputernya to? bukan Windowsnya to? grrr….. OS yang aneh…. Yang jelas, kalau di Indonesia ya kecepatan koneksi network ya harus maksimal, udah internetnya lelet, koneksinya dibatasi lagi, KAYAK MANA TUH!!!! (kata si butet)

Matiinnya gampang kok….

1.    Start –> Run –> “gpedit.msc” –> ENTER

2.    Masuk setting Administrative Templates –> Network –> QoS packet scheduler

3.    Klik “limit reservable bandwidth” –> klik radio button enable –> matikan bandwidth limit dalam % menjadi “0″ (NOL)

4.    Klik Apply –> restart Windows

Just another 4 step from me…..using this tips is your own risk!!! (biasanya orang kalau dikasih tulisan kaya gini trus gak berani mencoba :p )

I don’t know where to start for looking at my old friend. Our last contact is about 15 years ago. Her name is Martanti Dwi Kusworo, my friend at junior high school. she’s a smart and smooth girl. she’s already have a husband right now, might be.

She left ambarawa at 3th junior high school, and stay with her two parent at jambi. i lost her home address to. Anyone who can tell me where she is, if a girl, will be my girlfriend and if a boy.. i will just say thanks :p

Doing some project with my companion, build wireless network at wonogiri. here is one of side unforgetable moment at some place call karangtengah.

there is a civilization at the 750 m from the sea surface. and also goverment made a organitation call kecamatan there.

in my way there, i meet a pretty gals with her daddy i think, she’s on the way home from ger school.

my repeater tower is on 950 m from sea surface with about 100 kph wind loading.

good view huh???

installing network here is really drain my energy, i have much trouble with weak signal etc etc. it cause by the fuckin hill.

i’m so tired and to take a rest now….

telnet localhost 143

Trying 192.168.1.10…
Connected to 192.168.1.10.
Escape character is ‘^]’.
* OK [CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 UIDPLUS CHILDREN NAMESPACE THREAD=ORDEREDSUBJECT THREAD=REFERENCES SORT QUOTA IDLE STARTTLS] Courier-IMAP ready. Copyright 1998-2003 Double Precision, Inc. See COPYING for distribution information.
a login postmaster@mydomain.com my_password
a OK LOGIN Ok. (successful login!)
a logout (logs you out)
* BYE Courier-IMAP server shutting down
a OK LOGOUT completed
Connection closed by foreign host.

root@slackbox:/# telnet localhost 106
Trying 127.0.0.1…
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is ‘^]’.
200 courierpassd v0.30 hello, who are you?
user postmaster@qmailrocks.org
200 Your password please.
pass my_password (don’t be a dumbass. Put your own password here)
200 Your new password please.
newpass my_new_password (don’t be a dumbass. Put your new password here)
200 Password changed, thank-you.
quit
200 Bye.
Connection closed by foreign host.
root@slackbox:/#